Lee Said:

overflow incontinence or urge incontinence?

We Answered:

Overflow and stress incontinence

Thelma Said:

Can you help with this skeletal system case study?

We Answered:

1. Skeletal system
2. Bone tissue
3. Connective tissue
4. Osteoblasts
5a. With ageing, bone mass decreases. This is espeically true of women following menopuase. Estrogen acts as a protector of bone by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts. Once estrogen levels drop, after menopause, osteoclast activity increases.
5b. Bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old sex-matched healthy person average.) The term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture. Osteoporosis is most common in women after the menopause, when it is called postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may develop in men and premenopausal women in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other chronic diseases or as a result of smoking and medications, specifically glucocorticoids, when the disease is called steroid- or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (SIOP or GIOP).
6. With ageing, as estrogen decreases, ther is increased activity of osteoclasts which re-absorb bone.
7. Women have less bone mass then men to begin with. Before menopause the estrogen protect the bon mass by inhibiting the function of osteoclasts. Following meopuase osteoclast activity increases as estrogen levels drop.
8. Osteoporosis (OP)
9. Unlike OP, which is asymptomatic, pagets disease has many symptoms:

1. Bone pain is the most common symptom. Bone pain can occur in any bone affected by Paget's disease. It often localizes to areas adjacent to the joints.
2. Headaches and hearing loss may occur when Paget's disease affects the skull.
3. Pressure on nerves may occur when Paget's disease affects the skull or spine.
4. Somnolence (drowsiness) due to vascular steal syndrome of the skull.
5. Paralysis due to vascular steal syndrome of the vertebrae.
6. Increased head size, bowing of limb, or curvature of spine may occur in advanced cases.
7. Hip pain may occur when Paget's disease affects the pelvis or femur.
8. Damage to joint cartilage may lead to arthritis.
9. Teeth may spread intraorally due to the intraoral force placed on the anterior teeth (especially maxillary central and lateral incisors) by the labial tissues, especially the muscles.
10. Hypercementosis in teeth may occur

Karen Said:

An 8 year old child for tonsillectomy arrives at the reception area?

We Answered:

How can you possibly expect someone else to do your homework for you?
I suggest you join a study group. They're great for these types of academic gymnastics.